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The integration of cement-based energy storage systems into large-scale construction represents a transformative approach to sustainable infrastructure. These systems aim to combine mechanical load-bearing capacity with electrochemical energy storage, offering a promising solution for developing energy-efficient buildings and smart infrastructure.
As a proof of concept, the figure illustrates how cement-based batteries and supercapacitors can power small electrical devices such as LEDs. It also shows the feasibility of combining these energy storage devices with renewable energy sources, particularly solar panels, to create self-sustaining infrastructure.
The majority of cement based energy storage systems remain only partially integrated; some utilize solid cement based electrolytes combined with conventional or hybrid electrodes, while others use carbon cement electrodes with liquid electrolytes.
Shi and Zhang studied integrated loadable supercapacitors (ILSs) based on porous cement-based solid electrolytes (PCSEs). The ILS assembled with PCSE containing 8 wt% KI and rGO electrodes delivered a maximal energy density of 21.6 Wh kg −1 and a power density of 1106.2 W/kg.